For PQ CJP SAW welds, back gouging is required under which conditions?

• A. Root opening is greater than zero
• B. Root opening is zero and root face is defined within maximum
• C. Both conditions require back gouging
• D. Neither condition requires back gouging

Answer: (C)

Back gouging in PQ CJP SAW welds is required to expose and prepare the root area so that full penetration and the absence of root defects can be verified. When there is a root opening, gouging removes any excess root reinforcement and reveals the true root fusion, making sure the joint meets the complete joint penetration requirement and can be inspected properly. Even if the root opening is zero, but the root face is defined within the maximum, gouging is still needed because the root surface can conceal defects or incongruities that would affect penetration and weld quality; removing the root layer provides a clean, accessible surface for assessing the integrity of the root and confirming proper fusion. Therefore, both conditions call for back gouging to ensure the weld meets qualification and inspection standards.